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The Calusa Indians are believed to have been the sole inhabitants of Pine Island between 300 and 1513 AD. In the early 16th century, the Spanish landed on the island, sparking local fighting. Eventually, the Spanish gained the advantage when the locals became very sick from exposure to illnesses to which they had no immunity. The entire Calusa population was wiped out by the 18th century. Today, an archaeological dig on the northwest side of the island provides insight to this now-extinct population.
The Calusa Indians lived well by fishing local waters, and the fishing heritage of the island continues today. The bridge crossing Matlacha Pass, known as the “Fishingest Bridge in the World,” is typically crowded with fisherman. Visitors and residents may also rent a boat and head out to sea, or take a chartered trip with a fishing guide.
The mild weather of the region definitely enhances the outdoor lifestyle of the island. Year-round temperatures range from 70 to 90 degrees, while average rainfall is about 55 inches. Besides fishing, residents and visitors spend their time viewing wildlife, walking, hiking, swimming, boating, kayaking or canoeing. Development restrictions have not only kept Pine Island from becoming over-commercialized, but have also preserved the diversity of the local wildlife. Many bird species, including the bald eagle, wood stork, heron, egret and pelican, are native to Pine Island. The sea life is equally abundant; locals frequently spot manatees, sea otters, dolphins and more.
The beaches of Pine Island are small and generally popular with young children. Adults may prefer to take a half-hour boat ride to one of the barrier islands to spend the day on a scenic sand beach.
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